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Wine - Wikipedia.

Wine & Wine Merchants

"Wine is the most civilized thing in the world." - Ernest Hemingway.

"Good wine is a good familiar creature if it be well used. " - quote from Shakespeare's play Othello, Act 2, Scene III.

"Wine makes a man more pleased with himself; I do not say it makes him more pleasing to others." - Samuel Johnson.

"Wine from long habit has become an indispensable for my health." - Thomas Jefferson.

Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.

Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and Iran. Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece, and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout history. The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist (also called the Holy Communion) and Kiddush.

France has various appellation systems based on the concept of terroir, with classifications ranging from Vin de Table ("table wine") at the bottom, through Vin de Pays and Appellation d'Origine Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (AOVDQS) up to Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) or similar, depending on the region. Portugal has something similar and, in fact, pioneered this technique back in 1756 with a royal charter which created the "Demarcated Douro Region" and regulated wine production and trade. Germany did likewise in 2002, although their system has not yet achieved the authority of those of the other countries'. Spain, Greece and Italy have classifications which are based on a dual system of region of origin and quality of product.

A "vintage wine" is one made from grapes that were all or mostly grown in a particular year, and labeled as such. Most countries allow a vintage wine to include a portion that is not from the labeled vintage. Variations in a wine's character from year to year can include subtle differences in color, palate, nose, body and development. High-quality red table wines can improve in flavor with age if properly stored. Consequently, it is not uncommon for wine enthusiasts and traders to save bottles of an especially good vintage wine for future consumption.

French Wine
Wine Merchants
Wine Storage
CLARET
CULT WINES - Wikipedia.
DOMINIO DE PINGUS - established in 1995 by Danish oenologist Peter Sisseck.
DR. BÜRKLIN-WOLF - the largest familyowned winery in Germany.
RESVERATROL - found in the skin of red grapes and is a constituent of red wine.
RIBERA DEL DUERO - Wikipedia.
THE WINE ADVOCATE - the independent consumer's guide to fine wine published by leading U.S. wine critic Robert M. Palmer.
THE WINE ANORAK - online wine magazine.
VEGA SICILIA - official website.
WINE - Wikipedia.
WINE ADVICE
WINE AND FOOD WEEK
WINE DOCTOR - independent opinion on wine.
WINE FEATURES
WINE GLOSSARY
WINE GUIDES
WINE RESOURCES
WINE REVIEW
WINE SCORES
WINE SEARCHER - the world's number one search engine of wine stores, winery, and wine auction, price lists and catalogues.
WINE SPECTATOR
WINEWARE - wine accessories.
WORLD'S MOST EXPENSIVE WINES

French Wine

Red

Bordeaux

Premier Grand Cru Classé (A)
BORDEAUX WINE - Wikipedia.
BORDEAUX WINE GUIDE
CLASSIFICATION OF SAINT-ÉMILION WINE 1955 & 2006 - Wikipedia.
CRU BOURGEOIS - Wikipedia.
OFFICIAL BORDEAUX CLASSIFICATIONS
OFFICIAL BORDEAUX WINE WEBSITE
OFFICIAL CLASSIFICATION OF 1855 - Wikipedia.

CHÂTEAU PÉTRUS, POMEROL - also visit: CHÂTEAU PÉTRUS - Wikipedia.
CHÂTEAU ROL VALENTIN - APPELLATION SAINT-ÉMILION GRAND CRU

Premier Grand Cru Classé (A)

Burgundy

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

CHÂTEAUNEUF-DU-PAPE - Wikipedia.
CHÂTEAUNEUF-DU-PAPE AOC - Wikipedia.

CHÂTEAU DE BEAUCASTEL

The Médoc Classification of 1855
(Les Grands Crus Classés en 1855):

Premiers Crus:

Deuxièmes Crus:

Troisièmes Crus:

Quatrièmes Crus:

Cinquièmes Crus:

White

Premier Cru Supérieur:

CHÂTEAU D'YQUEM

Premiers Crus:

Deuxièmes Crus:

Burgundy

Wine Merchants

DIRECTORY OF ONLINE WINE MERCHANTS

1855 - the largest choice of wines on the Internet. More than 25,000 references of wines.
JUSTERINI & BROOKS - established 1749.
LØGISMOSE VIN - Denmark.
NICKOLLS & PERKS - wine shippers since 1797.
SCHNEIDER'S OF CAPITOL HILL - fine wines and spirits.
TANNERS WINE MERCHANTS - established 1842.
WINE.COM - "The #1 online wine store."
WINEBID.COM - the largest Internet auction for fine and rare wines.

Wine Storage

STORAGE OF WINE - Wikipedia.
WINE CELLAR - Wikipedia.
WINE PACKAGING AND CELLAR - Wikipedia.

MIELE - wine storage.
SUB-ZERO PRESERVATION - wine storage.
VIKING - wine cellar storage systems.

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