Royal and Princely Houses | Aristocrats | Royal Yachts
"I have to be seen to be believed." - Queen Elizabeth II.
"I am an aristocrat. I love liberty; I hate equality." - John Randolph.
"In the past, people were born royal. Nowadays, royalty comes from what you do." - Gianni Versace.
"Every marriage tends to consist of an aristocrat and a peasant. Of a teacher and a learner." - John Updike.
"For a time during the 1980s the Royal Family were not just the most influential family in Britain but probably in Europe and Prince Charles specifically was very much like a de facto Cabinet member and what he said actually had impact on public policy." - Andrew Morton.
A ROYAL FAMILY is the extended family of a king or queen regnant. The term "imperial family" more appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress regnant, while the terms "ducal family", "grand ducal family" or "princely family" are more appropriate in reference to the relatives of a reigning duke, grand duke, or prince. It is also considered proper in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and his or her descendants as a royal family.
A royal family typically includes the spouse of the reigning monarch, surviving spouses of a deceased monarch, the children, grandchildren, brothers, sisters, and cousins of the reigning monarch, as well as their spouses. In some cases, royal family membership may extend to great grandchildren and more distant descendants of a monarch. In certain monarchies where voluntary abdication is the norm, such as the Netherlands, a royal family may also include one or more former monarchs. There is often a distinction between persons of the blood royal and those that marry into the royal family.
The ARISTOCRACY are people considered to be in the highest social class in society, who traditionally have land, money, and power. They are often members of a hereditary nobility that derives its stature from a lineage traceable to the original inhabitants or rulers of a region. They are usually below only the leader(s) of a country in the social hierarchy.
The term "aristocracy" was first given in Athens to young citizens (the men of the ruling class) who led armies from the front line. Because military bravery was highly regarded as a virtue in ancient Greece, it was assumed that the armies were being led by "the best". From the ancient Greeks, the term passed on to the European Middle Ages for a similar hereditary class of military leaders often referred to as the "nobility". As in ancient Greece, this was a slave-holding class of privileged men whose military role allowed them to present themselves as the most "noble", or "best".
- 5 fascinating facts about The Queen’s handbag habits - "From what’s inside to why Her Majesty always carries a handbag, these are the secrets behind The Queen’s favourite accessory."
- 5 royals & their favourite scents - "Meghan Markle’s a Jo Malone girl and Kate Middleton wore Illuminum to her wedding, while Princess Beatrice was gifted a bespoke fragrance from Paris named after her. Floris London, a perfumer dating back to 1730, created the scents Queen Elizabeth and Meghan Markle wore on their wedding days - and even has a royal warrant."
- 8 Decades of British Royal Corgis Reportedly at an End - The New York Times.
- 25 Most Iconic Photographs of Princess Diana - Vogue.
- 31 Iconic Photos of Queen Elizabeth - "This April 21, Queen Elizabeth II turns 96 years old. To reach such an age is impressive for anyone - but especially for the royal, who continues to lengthen her record as the longest-serving monarch of the United Kingdom."
- 70 facts about HRH The Prince of Wales - The Prince of Wales.
- £187m of Windsor family wealth hidden in secret royal wills - "Contents of dozens of royal wills have been kept private by judges in special hearings closed to the public."
- A look inside Buckingham Palace's $500 million refurbishment - "The Queen has a whopping £369 million ($514 million) budget to refurbish her London pad - a figure that may seem excessive when she spends most of her time at Windsor Castle these days. This week, the Queen's royal accounts for the past financial year were published, revealing £31.6 million ($44 million) had been spent on the renovation in the past 12 months, up from £16.4 million ($23 million) the year before."
- A royal collection - in pictures - "Margaret Tyler has collected thousands of items of royal memorabilia in her home in north London. She began collecting 40 years ago, and her collection now fills four rooms and a bedroom."
- All the Times Princess Diana Recycled Her Royal Wardrobe - "The Princess of Wales didn't just repeat outfits - she remade them completely."
- ALMANACH DE SAXE GOTHA - "The Original Royal Genealogical Reference Handbook." Annual Genealogical Reference: 1763-2010. Online.
- Aristocrats: Power, Grace, and Decadence - "Britain's Great Ruling Classes from 1066 to the Present." Amazon.com.
- Astrology Of Princess Diana Will Blow Your Mind - "The Astrology Of Princess Diana Shows That Her Personality Was Both Irresistible & Incredibly Complex."
- British state 'covered up plot to assassinate King Edward VIII' - "Historian says papers challenge official version that George McMahon was a fantasist."
- Brits join queue as long as 14.5 kilometers as they pay respects to Queen - "The Queue to end all queues: Brits do what they do best as they pay respects to Queen."
- BURKE'S PEERAGE - founded by John Burke in 1826, Burke’s Peerage is the definitive guide to the genealogical history of the Royal families of Europe, the aristocratic and historical families of the British Isles, and the Presidential families of the United States.
- Castles Seek Knights in Shining Armor - Poland is offering investors the chance to become lords of their own manors at knockdown prices in a bid to rescue hundreds of the aristocratic mansions that flourished in its pre-communist past.
- Castlesworld.com - "Brings the world of castles closer to you. Castles are some of the most popular historic sites on the planet. We have designed our site to give a smooth and simple user experience, with you in the central part of the action."
- Castrum doloris - (Latin for castle of grief) is a name for the structure and decorations sheltering or accompanying the catafalque or bier that signify the prestige or high estate of the deceased.
- Celebrities who misbehaved in Buckingham Palace - "Whether they're stealing loo rolls or doing drugs, celebrities have taken a few liberties on visits to Buckingham Palace. Here's a rogues' gallery of the famous faces who got up to no good."
- Chapelle ardente - (Fr. "burning chapel") is a chapel or room in which the corpse of a sovereign or other exalted personage lies in state pending the funeral service. The name is in allusion to the many candles which are lighted round the catafalque. This custom is first chronicled as occurring at the obsequies of Dagobert I (602–638).
- Charge (heraldry) - any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon (shield).
- Coat of arms - heraldic design on a shield, escutcheon, surcoat, or tabard. A coat of arms is used to cover, protect, and identify the wearer.
- Coins & banknotes featuring King Charles III & Queen Elizabeth II will co-circulate - "'The first coins bearing the effigy of His Majesty King Charles III will enter circulation in line with demand from banks and post offices. This means the coinage of King Charles III and Queen Elizabeth II will co-circulate in the UK for many years to come,' Anne Jessopp, the Royal Mint Chief Executive Officer, said Tuesday in a press release."
- Coronation Invitation - "Buckingham Palace is pleased to share the invitation for the Coronation, which will be issued in due course to over 2,000 guests who will form the congregation in Westminster Abbey. It is also announced today that eight Pages of Honour have been chosen to attend Their Majesties during the Coronation Service." The Official Website of The Royal Family.
- Court Circular - the official record that lists the engagements carried out by the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms; the Royal Family; and appointments to their staff and to the court. It is issued by Buckingham Palace and printed a day in arrears at the back of The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Scotsman newspapers. An archive of the circular back to 1998 is provided on the British monarchy's website.
- Courtesy title - title that is not a substantive title but rather is used through custom or courtesy.
- Crown Estate - founded in 1760. A collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole, making it "the sovereign's public estate", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate.
- DEBRETT'S Peerage and Baronetage - 147th edition, Britain's most prestigious genealogical reference work has mapped the ancestries of the British aristocracy for over two centuries.
- Diana's fatal injury was tiny, just in the wrong place - "UK's top forensic pathologist DR RICHARD SHEPHERD who gave evidence in major inquiry into her death reveals how a tiny vein tear had devastating consequences for the princess in his memoir."
- Does the Royal Family Have Any Secrets Left? - "Last night’s Golden Globes were ... eventful! ... but the talk of the town still seems to be the rollout of Prince Harry’s memoir, Spare. Emerging details are delicious and moreish: Sibling fisticuffs! A frostbitten penis! Losing one’s virginity to a pony girl in a field! King Charles doing a headstand in his boxer shorts!?"
- Double-barrelled name - in British tradition, a double surname is heritable, and mostly taken to imply upper class origin, reflecting an alliance of a woman of higher class who married below her social status.
- Escutcheon (heraldry) - shield which forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms.
- EVERYTHING THE QUEEN EATS IN A DAY, ACCORDING TO ROYAL CHEFS - "'The Queen eats to live whereas Prince Philip lives to eat,' says former royal chef Darren McGrady."
- FASHION of Royals - "Dedicated to finding the clothing, shoes and accessories that the royalty (mostly in Europe) wear."
- Germany's ex-royals want their riches back, but past ties to Hitler stand in the way - "Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, is locked in a legal battle for more than 10,000 family artifacts seized or lost after World War II. The case rests on one question: Did his ancestors help the Nazis?"
- Grace and favour home - residential property owned by a monarch by virtue of his or her position as head of state and leased rent-free to persons as part of an employment package or in gratitude for past services rendered.
- Grandee of Spain - official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility and to a lesser extent, Portuguese nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the Ancien Régime. "Grandee of Spain" is the highest dignity of nobility in all of Europe, due to its privileges having been greater than those of other similar European dignities, such as the peers of France or the peers of Great Britain.
- Great Seal of the Realm - or Great Seal of the United Kingdom (known prior to the Treaty of Union of 1707 as the Great Seal of England; and from then until the Union of 1801 as the Great Seal of Great Britain) is a seal that is used to symbolise the Sovereign's approval of state documents.
- Harry & Meghan to step back as senior royals - "The Duke and Duchess of Sussex have announced they will step back as 'senior' royals and divide time between UK and North America."
- Heir and a spare - aristocratic wives were once told they needed to provide an "heir and a spare" at least - and the same has always been true for the royals.
- Here's How Much British Taxpayers Pay for the Royal Family's Travel - TIME Magazine.
- Here's how much Europe's royal families really cost - "Of the 10 main royal families in Europe, nine still receive public funding for carrying out their duties - the only exception being the Princely House of Liechtenstein, which doesn't get any taxpayer money to cover its expenses. Monaco's royals are the most expensive to their citizens."
- History & symbolism of King Charles' signature pinky ring - "King Charles’ pinky ring has been a style staple of the monarch since the 1970s."
- How a Royal Baby Is Born, From Tudor Times to Meghan Markle's Modernity - TIME Magazine.
- How Diana became known as 'the people's princess' - "In 1995, two years before Diana, Princess of Wales died in a car crash in Paris, she said in a TV interview that she'd like to be a queen. But she wasn't talking about the British monarchy into which she'd married. She wanted to be a queen of people's hearts."
- How do you speak to Queen Elizabeth & other British Royals? - "The guide to royal etiquette according to Prince Charles’ ex-butler Grant Harrold."
- How titles & the line of succession have changed - "Royal Family tree and line of succession. Queen Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She had four children, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 September after 70 years on the throne and is succeeded by her eldest son, Charles. Find out more about the Royal Family and the line of succession below."
- Inside ‘The Firm’: How The Royal Family’s $28 Billion Money Machine Really Works - "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s explosive interview with the Queen of Media has the Windsors tied in knots. Here’s how it affects their 1,000-year-old business."
- Junker - definition & explanation.
- Kate Middleton's naked bum - Bild.
 - King Charles' Parmigiani Fleurier Toric Chronograph Is A Real Collector's Choice - "What's a watch fit for a king? As the newly ascended King Charles III has shown over the past few days of public mourning over the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, it might not always be the watch you expect. But for the new king, who's always been stylish, with a taste for the artisanal, the watch he's been wearing just makes sense."
- King Charles III’s $25 Billion Real Estate Empire - "The new British monarch lords over seven palaces, 10 castles, 12 homes, 56 cottages, and 14 ancient ruins where he can hang up his crown."
- King Charles III's Coronation Jewels Will Be Worth Nearly $4 Billion - "Charles will be decked out in nearly $4 billion (!!) of coronation regalia. Yes, billion, with a B. 'How could one man possibly wear that much jewelry?' you might ask. But the collection is comprised of the St. Edwards Crown, Sovereign's Ring, Imperial State Crown, Sovereign’s Sceptre with dove, Sovereign’s Sceptre with the cross, Sovereign’s Orb, Gold Ampulla, the Spurs, and the Sword of Offering, all littered with gem stones like diamonds, sapphires, rubies, and pearls."
- King Charles III's Coronation on Saturday, May 6, at Westminster Abbey - "Everything you need to know. When is King Charles III Coronation, what happens during the ceremony, will Prince Harry and Meghan Markle be there, and when is the extra bank holiday? Q&A on historic day for UK."
- King Charles III's coronation: The surprising power of pomp & ceremony - "The lavish spectacle of a state ritual is far more than gilded carriages and foreign dignitaries. It brings broader benefits to society that shouldn't be overlooked."
- King Richard III in Leicester - Leicester Cathedral.
- List of heads of state and government by net worth - Wikipedia.
- List of the richest royals - Wikipedia.
- MAD FOR MONACO - "The history, current events and personalities of the monarchy of the Principality of Monaco and the House of Grimaldi."
- MAJESTY MAGAZINE - since 1981. "The Quality Royal Magazine."
- Meghan & Harry's first born son would ONLY receive royal title when Charles ascends to the throne under George V protocols - "Meghan Markle's bombshell suggestion that her son Archie was banned from being a prince amid concerns over how 'dark' he would be appear to be refuted by rules laid down by King George V."
- MONARCHIES IN EUROPE - Wikipedia.
- Marie-Antoinette's torrid affair with Swedish count revealed in decoded letters - The Telegraph.
- NEW MY ROYALS - "The World of Royalty, My Royal Family, New My Royal Family Fashion and Latest Royal News, Photos, Weddings and History."
- New Princess Diana death details - "The REAL reason Diana was in Paris on night of crash: Princess delayed return to Britain to avoid Tory backlash over landmines campaign, former aide reveals."
- Newsnight photographer claims to have picture of Prince Andrew that would rock the Monarchy if it was ever made public - " A photographer working for the BBC during Prince Andrew's car-crash Newsnight interview claims to have taken a shocking picture of the Royal that would shake the monarchy if it ever became public."
- Nobiliary particle - used in a surname or family name in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family. The particle used varies depending on the country, language and period of time.
- Nobility - Wikipedia.
- NOBLE TITLES - Wikipedia.
- Oprah with Meghan & Harry interview - the facts - Wikipedia.
- ORDER OF PRECEDENCE - definition & explanation.
- Patrilineality - system in which an individual belongs to his or her father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, names, or titles through the male line.
- Pluralis Maiestatis - definition & explanation.
- POINT DE VUE - French weekly dedicated to reporting royal events and royal families. A favorite reading material among the royals themselves.
- Princess Diana's ballgown sold for £102,000 at auction - December 3, 2013.
- Princess Diana's grave site to undergo multi-miliion-pound revamp - The Telegraph.
- Princess Diana's St. Tropez Love Nest, Castle St. Therese, Is For Sale Again - Daily Mail Online.
- Privy Purse - the amount of money the monarch may use for private or personal expenses.
- PTSID - short for: Post-Traumatic Sussex Interview Disorder.
- Queen & the Queen Mother being taught a Nazi salute by Edward VIII - Daily Mail.
- Queen Elizabeth II: a royal life in pictures - "A look back through the decades at Britain’s longest serving monarch."
- Queen Elizabeth II died of old age, death certificate shows - "The document, published by National Records of Scotland on Thursday, says the late British monarch died at 3:10 p.m. UK time (10:10 a.m. ET) on September 8 at Balmoral Castle in Ballater, Scotland. The cause of death is listed as old age. The document is signed by the Queen’s daughter, Princess Anne. Britain’s longest-reigning monarch died peacefully aged 96."
- Queen Elizabeth II obituary - "Monarch who through her seven decades of public service became a figure of fascination by remaining steadfastly private."
- Queen Margrethe Abdicating to Save Prince Frederik's Marriage to Princess Mary? - "The Queen herself linked it to her back surgery, saying, 'the operation also gave rise to thinking about the future - whether the time had come to leave the responsibility to the next generation,' many commentators were quick to point out the timing - specifically in the wake of the affair rumors surrounding Prince Frederik. So, did Prince Frederik have an affair? Has there been other drama? Here's everything you need to know."
- Queen plans 'legal fightback' after 'having enough' of Harry & Meghan 'attacks' - "The Queen's legal team is allegedly calling on libel and privacy experts after deciding 'enough is enough', according to reports."
- Queen wants Camilla to be Queen Consort when Charles becomes king - "Monarch expresses ‘sincere wish’ in candid message marking 70th anniversary of her accession."
- Queen's secret funeral plans leaked for first time - day-by-day breakdown & codewords - "Leaked documents reveal the huge operation that will be launched in the hours and days after the Queen dies."
- Roi fainÉant - definition & explanation.
- Rosvall Royal Books & Royalty Digest Quarterly - books and magazines on royalty.
- royal clan: who’s who, what do they do & how much money do they get? - "The Guardian has calculated what each working royal has received during their working life carrying out official functions."
- Royal crush: Letters shed light on lovelorn prince who became George IV - "Teenager’s missive to secret crush among 1,600 documents published online for first time."
- Royal family issues social media guidelines after Meghan-Kate abuse - "Britain's royal family has told social media users to show 'courtesy, kindness and respect' when interacting with its online posts, after repeated cases of online abuse directed at Duchesses Meghan and Kate."
- Royal fifth - old royal tax that reserves to the monarch 20% of all precious metals and other commodities (including slaves) acquired by his subjects as war loot, found as treasure or extracted by mining. The 'royal fifth' was instituted in Medieval Muslim states, Christian Iberian kingdoms and their overseas colonial empires during the age of exploration.
- Royal Musings - "News and commentary about the reigning royal houses of the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Spain, Monaco - and the former European monarchies as well."
- ROYAL PARDON - definition & explanation.
- ROYAL PREROGATIVE - definition & explanation.
- ROYAL TOUCH - (also known as the king's touch) was a form of laying on of hands, whereby French and English monarchs would touch their subjects, regardless of social classes, with the intent to cure them of various diseases and conditions.
- ROYAL TRAINS - Wikipedia.
- royalista - "The go-to place for everything royal."
- Royals for rent: will Harry and Meghan become the world’s biggest influencers? - "They have cut the royal purse strings and need a new source of income - monetising their social media followers could be their first step."
- Royalty Magazine - launch coincided with the engagement of Prince Charles to Lady Diana Spencer in 1981.
- Salic Law - one part of Salic law that stayed very important was inheritance for kings. The Salic law said that land goes to sons and not daughters.
- SchÖnbrunner Deutsch - sociolect spoken by the imperial Habsburg family and the nobility of Austria-Hungary. It differed from other dialects in vocabulary and pronunciation; it appears to have been spoken with a slight degree of nasality.
- Substantive title - title of nobility or royalty held by someone (normally by one person alone) and acquired either by direct grant or inheritance. It is to be distinguished from: a title shared among cadets; or borne as a courtesy title by a peer's immediate offspring; or acquired as a consort by virtue of marriage or grant.
- The Best Royal Wedding Dresses in History - "At the end of every fairy tale, we’re almost always served the same image: a princess in a white gown, walking down the aisle. So is it any wonder that throughout history, real-life royal wedding dresses have utterly enraptured the minds of the public?" VOGUE.
- THE GREATEST PARTY ON EARTH - "In 1971, the Shah of Iran, the self-proclaimed 'King of Kings', celebrated 2,500 years of the Persian monarchy by throwing the greatest party known in history."
- The king can do no wrong - (Latin: Rex non potest peccare.) Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts.
- The king, his lover - and the elephant in the palace - "In early August, Spain's former King Juan Carlos left the country following allegations of financial wrongdoing. But the country's affection for its monarch began to unravel as far back as 2012, following an ill-fated elephant hunt. With the king on that safari was his former lover Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. She talks exclusively to the BBC about a multi-million euro gift from Juan Carlos, her claims of harassment by Spain's secret service - and that elephant."
- The king is dead, long live the king! - (French: Le roi est mort, vive le roi!; Spanish: El rey ha muerto, ¡viva el rey!), or simply Long live the king!, is a traditional proclamation made following the accession of a new monarch in various countries.
- The most stylish royals of all time - The Telegraph.
- The nobilities of Europe
 - by Melville Amadeus H. Ruvigny and Raineval, marquis de Ruvigny.
- THE PEERAGE.COM - a genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe.
- The prince, his valet & a Saudi billionaire: meritocracy in action - "Poor HRH. Why must misfortune dog him, when his only crime is a passion for lovely things paid for by other people?"
- The Princess Diana Death Pictures - The Freedom Fighter's Journal.
- The Queen’s Extensive Watch Collection Proves She’s A Connoisseur Of Timepieces - "Just as Her Majesty the Queen is rarely seen without a brooch pinned to her brightly-coloured, public-facing coats, she also never steps foot outside the gates of Buckingham Palace without a watch dangling from her wrist."
- The Real My Royals - "News From Royals and Hollywood Stars."
- The Royal Digest - "Exploring Royalty Around the World."
- The Royal Family Reads the Tabloids at Breakfast Every Morning, According to Prince Harry - "'It's laid out at breakfast when everyone comes together,' Harry told Anderson Cooper on 60 Minutes."
- THE ROYAL FORUMS - huge resource about royalty and princely families.
- The Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor - "Honoring All Things Elegant and Entertaining in Royal Fashion."
- The Royal Watcher - "This is a blog created by & for royal watchers. We post pictures, news, and cool facts about royal families around the world."
- The royal wedding - the full guide - "Take one prince and one American actor, add lashings of pageantry, souvenir shops and bunting to make that most British of jamborees - a royal wedding."
- The truth about Wallis Simpson, the woman accused of stealing a king - "For many decades, Wallis Simpson has been seen as a temptress, the woman who pulled a king away from his duty and thrust his younger brother into a stressful role."
- THE UK HONOURS SYSTEM - the honours system recognises people who have: made achievements in public life, committed themselves to serving and helping Britain.
- The 'von' trap: Austrian battle over three noble letters - "Niklaus von Steiger is challenging the law that bans use of the aristocratic prefix."
- Tony Blair and Bill Clinton discussed 'falling star' Princess Diana hours after her death - The Telegraph.
- Top 10 Most Powerful Families In History - Listverse.
- TWEET THE BRITISH MONARCHY - Twitter address (Verified Account).
- UFO No More - since 2016. "Your One Stop Site for all things Royal Fashion." What is a UFO? UFO stands for Unidentified Fashion Object and is how royal bloggers refer to pieces of which the designer is unknown. Our goal is to find all those UFO pieces- making them UFO No More. In addition to bringing you the most up-to-date glimpse into the closets of Royal Ladies and Children around the world, we like to highlight different events which we think are notable.
- UK royals set for cutbacks after £35m pandemic blow - "Duke and Duchess of Sussex racked up nearly £250,000 in travel costs on southern Africa tour, royal accounts reveal."
- What does the Queen’s legal immunity mean? - "Exemptions have been written into law to protect the monarch as a private citizen - but are they necessary?"
- Who’s who in King Charles’ family tree? - "As Britain’s new monarch is crowned, explore the House of Windsor and break down the royal family’s new line of succession."
- Why Prince Charles may not become 'King Charles' - "Prince Charles' full name is Charles Philip Arthur George, and the King can adopt any of their given names in their title. So while the Prince could become the next King Charles, he could also be the next King Arthur. Writing about the subject, the Constitution Unit at University College London's School of Public Policy said he would not be the first King to use a different name. They said: 'He is free to choose his own regnal title.'"
- Why the Queen's accent changed - "What the Queen's English reveals about a changing world. The accent of the world's longest-serving monarch evolved during her long reign - reflecting enormous social shifts that occurred during that time."
- World’s Most Expensive Home? Another Bauble for a Saudi Prince - The New York Times.
- world's top 10 richest royals - MyFirstClassLife.
- Yacht where Princess Diana spent her final summer on sale for £10m - "The 64-metre-long boat was the setting of Princess Diana's fatal romance with Dodi Fayed."
- Year of the Three Emperors - (German: Dreikaiserjahr) refers to the year 1888 during the German Empire in German history. The year is considered to have memorable significance because of the deaths of two German Emperors, or Kaisers, leading to a rapid succession of three monarchs within one year. The three different emperors who ruled over Germany during this year were Wilhelm I, Frederick III, and Wilhelm II.
Aristocrats
 - ARISTOCRACY - Wikipedia.
- Aristocrats: Power, Grace, and Decadence - "Britain's Great Ruling Classes from 1066 to the Present." Amazon.com.
- Grandee - official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility and to a lesser extent, Portuguese nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the Ancien Régime.
- Hooray Henry - Wikipedia.
- Inheritance tax, & how the Dukes of Westminster avoid it - The Telegraph.
- NOBILITY - Wikipedia.
 - Seize Quartiers - French phrase which literally means a person's "sixteen quarters", the coats of arms of their sixteen great-great-grandparents, which are typically accompanied by a five generation genealogy outlining the relationship between them and their descendant. They were used as a proof of nobility ("the proof of the Seize Quartiers") in Continental Europe beginning in the seventeenth century and achieving their highest prominence in the eighteenth.
- THE SWEET PRINCE: ALESSANDRO “DADO” RUSPOLI - "Prince Alessandro ‘Dado’ Ruspoli was a hedonist of epic proportions, with an ego as large as his sphere of social influence."
- The 'von' trap: Austrian battle over three noble letters - "Niklaus von Steiger is challenging the law that bans use of the aristocratic prefix."
- These are the most iconic & exclusive watches worn by the royals - "There is a certain enigma around royalty, one that immediately brings to mind words like power, prestige, and wealth. We know that the royals always dress to perfection. And just as they pay attention to their sartorial choices, their timepieces are equally well thought out. No wonder then that they are seen wearing some of the world’s most expensive and exclusive watches. From Rolex to Backes & Strauss, here are some watches loved and worn by these royals."
- Who is new Duke of Westminster? most eligible bachelor - The Telegraph.
- ALBERT II, 12TH PRINCE OF THURN & TAXIS - German aristocrat, businessman and car racing driver. He has been listed as the world's youngest billionaire many times since his father's death in 1990.
 - Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba - (1926-2014). Possessor of more aristocratic titles than anyone else in the world. She was 14 times a Spanish grandee, five times a duchess, once a countess-duchess, 18 times a marchioness, 18 times a countess and once a viscountess. Named by Guinness World Records as the world's most titled person.
- Duchess of Medinaceli - (1917-2013). Nine times a duchess, 18 times a marchioness, 19 times a countess, four times a viscountess and 14 times a grandee of Spain — as well as head of a family whose members included three saints and two Popes.
- Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster - via Grosvenor Estates, the Duke is the richest property developer in the United Kingdom and one of the country's largest landowners, with vast estates in Oxford, Cheshire and Scotland, as well as large areas of Mayfair and Belgravia in central London, and also elsewhere in Europe.
- FRESCOBALDI - prominent Florentine noble family that have been involved in the political, sociological, and economic history of Tuscany since the Middle Ages.
- Ruspoli family - historically one of the great aristocratic families of Rome, but is originally from Florence. Following World War II and the fall of Fascism, the newly established Italian Republic officially abolished titles and hereditary honours in its 1946 Constitution, with the exception of the papal nobility of Rome (fourteen families, among which is the Ruspoli family), as those titles had been created by papal authority. All of the Ruspoli family's members hold the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.
Royalty
 - 5 fascinating facts about The Queen’s handbag habits - "From what’s inside to why Her Majesty always carries a handbag, these are the secrets behind The Queen’s favourite accessory."
- 5 royals & their favourite scents - "Meghan Markle’s a Jo Malone girl and Kate Middleton wore Illuminum to her wedding, while Princess Beatrice was gifted a bespoke fragrance from Paris named after her. Floris London, a perfumer dating back to 1730, created the scents Queen Elizabeth and Meghan Markle wore on their wedding days - and even has a royal warrant."
- 8 Decades of British Royal Corgis Reportedly at an End - The New York Times.
- 25 Most Iconic Photographs of Princess Diana - Vogue.
- 25 young royals who will one day rule the world - Business Insider.
- 63 reigning years: a year-by-year account of Queen Elizabeth II's style - The Telegraph.
- 70 facts about HRH The Prince of Wales - The Prince of Wales.
- A look inside Buckingham Palace's $500 million refurbishment - "The Queen has a whopping £369 million ($514 million) budget to refurbish her London pad -- a figure that may seem excessive when she spends most of her time at Windsor Castle these days. This week, the Queen's royal accounts for the past financial year were published, revealing £31.6 million ($44 million) had been spent on the renovation in the past 12 months, up from £16.4 million ($23 million) the year before."
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY - Wikipedia.
- All the Times Princess Diana Recycled Her Royal Wardrobe - "The Princess of Wales didn't just repeat outfits - she remade them completely."
- British royal family documentary, 'banned' for decades, is leaked onto YouTube - "An infamous 1969 fly-on-the-wall documentary about the British royal family, supposedly banned by Queen Elizabeth II for decades for giving the public an overly intimate view of the royals, has been mysteriously leaked onto YouTube. The film provided an unprecedented look inside the royal households and was watched by millions when it first aired on the BBC. But it was subsequently stashed in the corporation's archives, reportedly at the request of Buckingham Palace, and hasn't been aired since the 1970s."
- British state 'covered up plot to assassinate King Edward VIII' - "Historian says papers challenge official version that George McMahon was a fantasist."
- Buckingham Palace to Get $456 Million Renovation - The New York Times.
- Case of Russian Imperial family slaying reopened on request of Russian Orthodox Church - Tass.
- CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY - Wikipedia.
- Corinna Larsen tells court ‘chilling’ warning to her & her children came on the orders of King Juan Carlos - "Former Spanish king's ex-lover says she was threatened by spy chief."
- Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II - on June 2, 1953. Video: 2:13.
- CURRENT ROYAL FAMILIES - Wikipedia.
- Diana: Closely Guarded Secret - Amazon.com.
- Diana Saved the Queen - The New York Times.
- Diana's fatal injury was tiny, just in the wrong place - "UK's top forensic pathologist DR RICHARD SHEPHERD who gave evidence in major inquiry into her death reveals how a tiny vein tear had devastating consequences for the princess in his memoir."
- Duchess of Cambridge style: Every outfit she's worn since joining the Royal Family - The Telegraph.
- Duke & Duchess of Cambridge pose on Taj Mahal's 'Diana bench' - The Guardian.
 - DUKE OF WINDSOR - (1894-1972). King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936. Edward became king when his father died in early 1936. He showed impatience with court protocol, and politicians were concerned by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions. Only months into his reign, he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to the American socialite Wallis Simpson, who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing that the people would never accept a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands as queen. Choosing not to end his relationship with Simpson, Edward abdicated. After his abdication, he was given the title Duke of Windsor. He married Simpson in France on 3 June 1937, after her second divorce became final. Later that year, the couple toured Germany. During the Second World War, he was at first stationed with the British Military Mission to France but, after private accusations that he held Nazi sympathies, he was assigned to the Bahamas as the islands' Governor. After the war, he was never given another official appointment and spent the remainder of his life in retirement in France.
 - Empress Elisabeth of Austria - (1837-1898). The wife of Franz Joseph I, and therefore both Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary. She also held the titles of Queen of Bohemia and Croatia, among others. From an early age, she was called Sisi by family and friends. Although Elisabeth had a limited (but significant) influence on Austro-Hungarian politics, she became an historical icon. The Empress is now thought to have been a non-conformist who abhorred conventional court protocol, as well as a free spirit, who valued an individual sense of freedom above anything else. Following the suicide of her son Rudolf, she withdrew from public life. She was murdered by an anarchist in Geneva, Switzerland in 1898. Elisabeth is the longest serving consort of Austria.
- Experience Queen Victoria's private summer residence Osborne House in 360° - The Telegraph.
- FAMOUS ROYAL HOUSES & DYNASTIES - Wikipedia.
- From prince to penne: Italian royal dishes on his new gourmet pasta truck in LA - The Guardian.
- Germany's ex-royals want their riches back, but past ties to Hitler stand in the way - "Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, is locked in a legal battle for more than 10,000 family artifacts seized or lost after World War II. The case rests on one question: Did his ancestors help the Nazis?"
- Haemophilia in European royalty - Wikipedia.
- Happy birthday, Your Majesty - The Telegraph.
- Harry & Meghan to step back as senior royals - "The Duke and Duchess of Sussex have announced they will step back as 'senior' royals and divide time between UK and North America."
- How Diana became known as 'the people's princess' - "In 1995, two years before Diana, Princess of Wales died in a car crash in Paris, she said in a TV interview that she'd like to be a queen. But she wasn't talking about the British monarchy into which she'd married. She wanted to be a queen of people's hearts."
- How do you speak to Queen Elizabeth & other British Royals? - "The guide to royal etiquette according to Prince Charles’ ex-butler Grant Harrold."
- How titles & the line of succession have changed - "Royal Family tree and line of succession. Queen Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She had four children, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 September after 70 years on the throne and is succeeded by her eldest son, Charles. Find out more about the Royal Family and the line of succession below."
- 'I have to be seen to be believed' - The hidden significance of Queen Elizabeth II's colourful wardrobe.
- India to Seek Return of Koh-i-Noor Diamond From Britain - The New York Times.
- Inside Princess Diana's jewellery collection - The Telegraph.
- Inside Queen Elizabeth II's wardrobe - The Telegraph.
- Juan Carlos, Spain's disgraced former king, confirmed to be in UAE - "Announcement by royal household ends guessing game about his whereabouts."
- King Richard III in Leicester - Leicester Cathedral.
- Koh-i-noor diamond given to Britain, says Indian government - The Guardian.
- line of succession to the British Throne - no. 1-1345.
- List of shortest-reigning monarchs - Wikipedia.
- List of the richest royals - Forbes Magazine.
- Louis XVI Commemorative Mass - Every January 21, a memorial mass is held in Chapelle Expiatoire (29 rue Pasquier, Paris 8th), to commemorate the death of Louis XVI in 1793.
- MA'AM - correct way to address, pronounce and use 'Ma'am' when chatting with 'Lillibeth' at Ascot. The correct pronunciation for ma’am is “ma’am” as in “ham”, and not “ma’am” as in “farm”.
- MaÎtresse-en-titre - was the chief mistress of the king of France. It was a semi-official position which came with its own apartments. The title came into use during the reign of Henry IV and continued until the reign of Louis XV.
- Marie-Antoinette's torrid affair with Swedish count revealed in decoded letters - The Telegraph.
- Meet the world’s other 25 royal families - The Washington Post.
- Meghan & Harry's first born son would ONLY receive royal title when Charles ascends to the throne under George V protocols - "Meghan Markle's bombshell suggestion that her son Archie was banned from being a prince amid concerns over how 'dark' he would be appear to be refuted by rules laid down by King George V."
- MONARCHIES IN EUROPE - Wikipedia.
- MONARCHY - Wikipedia.
- Monsieur - under the Ancien Régime, the court title of Monsieur referred to the next brother in the line of succession of the King of France.
- Oprah with Meghan & Harry interview - the facts - Wikipedia.
- Prince Charles & Camilla Parker Bowles Have Some of the Most High Maintenance Food Requests - "You may have heard that Prince Charles is one of the demanding royals. His staffers gave him the nickname the 'Pampered Prince' because he reportedly has to have every daily task done for him and has his valets follow some strict rules. In the years Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall has been married to the future king she picked up on some of those demands too."
- Prince Charles, the multi-million pound artist - The Telegraph.
- Prince Charles: This is the kind of King I will be - "In a new documentary celebrating his 70th birthday, Britain's Prince Charles spoke for the first time about what sort of king he will be, saying he will shift gears once he takes on the role of the monarch."
- PRINCE OF WALES - official website.
- Prince Philip: An extraordinary man who led an extraordinary life - "He outlived nearly everyone who knew him and might explain him."
- Prince Philip, husband of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, dies at 99 - "In his active years, Philip helped set a new course for the monarchy under a young queen, championing Britain itself."
- Princess Diana: Forty years on, everything you didn't know about the wedding of the century - "In glorious July sunshine, the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, 40 years ago this month, provided Britain with a rare blast of celebration during a difficult summer."
- Princess Diana's St. Tropez Love Nest, Castle St. Therese, Is For Sale Again - Daily Mail Online.
- Princess Diana's Voice Coach Promised He Wouldn't Write a Book Until William & Harry Were Married - "It's a biography almost 25 years in the making. Princess Diana's voice coach Stewart Pearce is finally opening up about his experience working with the late royal in the new book Diana the Voice of Change. But he's only publishing it after keeping a decades-long promise to the Princess about when he'd share their story."
- Princess Margaret 'had an affair' with 1950s crooner Eddie Fisher - Daily Mail.
- Princess Margaret’s misadventures in bohemia - The Guardian.
- Privy Purse - the amount of money the monarch may use for private or personal expenses.
- Queen’s funeral: what we can expect over the next 10 days - "From the time of the official announcement to the Queen’s state funeral, here is the detailed countdown of events."
- Queen Elizabeth II: a royal life in pictures - "A look back through the decades at Britain’s longest serving monarch."
- Queen Elizabeth II has earned over $8 million in horse racing prize money - CNN.
- Queen Elizabeth II obituary - "Monarch who through her seven decades of public service became a figure of fascination by remaining steadfastly private."
- Queen Elizabeth II surpasses Queen Victoria's long reign - The Telegraph.
- Queen Elizabeth II Turns 90 With a Nationwide Party
- Queen Elizabeth II's birthday: 90 years in 90 seconds - The Telegraph.
- Queen Elizabeth II's favourite food: Chocolate, sole, & Dubonnet - but no carbs - The Telegraph.
- Queen Elizabeth II's favourite hotels - The Telegraph.
- Queen Elizabeth II's private estate invested millions of pounds offshore - The Guardian.
- Queen joins the style crowd at LFW Richard Quinn show - Daily Mail.
- Queen plans 'legal fightback' after 'having enough' of Harry & Meghan 'attacks' - "The Queen's legal team is allegedly calling on libel and privacy experts after deciding 'enough is enough', according to reports."
- Queen wants Camilla to be Queen Consort when Charles becomes king - "Monarch expresses ‘sincere wish’ in candid message marking 70th anniversary of her accession."
- Queen's guide to culture - "Her Majesty's favourite books, music & TV."
- Queen's secret funeral plans leaked for first time - day-by-day breakdown & codewords - "Leaked documents reveal the huge operation that will be launched in the hours and days after the Queen dies."
- Regnal name - name used by some monarchs and popes during their reigns, and used subsequently to refer to them. Since ancient times, monarchs have frequently, but not always, chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede to the monarchy.
- REZA PAHLAVI - official website. Last crown prince of the former Imperial State of Iran and current head of the House of Pahlavi.
- Royal family issues social media guidelines after Meghan-Kate abuse - "Britain's royal family has told social media users to show 'courtesy, kindness and respect' when interacting with its online posts, after repeated cases of online abuse directed at Duchesses Meghan and Kate."
- Royal fifth - old royal tax that reserves to the monarch 20% of all precious metals and other commodities (including slaves) acquired by his subjects as war loot, found as treasure or extracted by mining. The 'royal fifth' was instituted in Medieval Muslim states, Christian Iberian kingdoms and their overseas colonial empires during the age of exploration.
- ROYAL HOUSE - Wikipedia.
- Royal Warrant Holders Association - formed in 1840. "Its main objective is to ensure the continued existence of the Royal Warrant as a treasured and respected institution. It helps to administer applications for new Royal Warrants and changes to existing ones."
- Salic law - the principle of exclusion of women from inheritance of thrones, fiefs and other property.
- Saudi Royal Family Is Still Spending in an Age of Austerity - The New York Times.
- Spain’s Disgraced Ex-King Juan Carlos Goes Into Exile: The Fall Of A Modern Monarch - "The 82-year-old ex-monarch officially announced his decision on Monday, August 3, in a letter to his son, in whose name he had abdicated the throne six years ago, adding that he would be available to prosecutors."
- Spain's embattled ex-King Juan Carlos leaves country - "Spain's former King Juan Carlos has decided to leave the country, the royal palace says, weeks after he was linked to an inquiry into alleged corruption."
- Spain's King Felipe VI renounces father's inheritance - "Spain's King Felipe VI has renounced the inheritance of his scandal-hit father Juan Carlos."
- Statement from Her Majesty The Queen - "Following many months of conversations and more recent discussions, I am pleased that together we have found a constructive and supportive way forward for my grandson and his family."
- Successor to new Britannia moves closer - The Telegraph.
- Thailand's Colorful Crown Prince Maha - Daily Mail.
- The king can do no wrong - (Latin: Rex non potest peccare.) Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts.
- The king, his lover - and the elephant in the palace - "In early August, Spain's former King Juan Carlos left the country following allegations of financial wrongdoing. But the country's affection for its monarch began to unravel as far back as 2012, following an ill-fated elephant hunt. With the king on that safari was his former lover Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. She talks exclusively to the BBC about a multi-million euro gift from Juan Carlos, her claims of harassment by Spain's secret service - and that elephant."
- The million mile Queen: Charting Her Majesty's unique journey - The Telegraph.
- The most stylish royals of all time - The Telegraph.
- The prince, his valet & a Saudi billionaire: meritocracy in action - "Poor HRH. Why must misfortune dog him, when his only crime is a passion for lovely things paid for by other people?"
- The Queen at 90: across the decades - The Guardian.
- The Queen’s Extensive Watch Collection Proves She’s A Connoisseur Of Timepieces - "Just as Her Majesty the Queen is rarely seen without a brooch pinned to her brightly-coloured, public-facing coats, she also never steps foot outside the gates of Buckingham Palace without a watch dangling from her wrist."
- The Queen's favourite beauty products - The Telegraph.
- The Queen puts a new spin on her signature silk scarf - "And more of her most glorious style moments."
- The Royal Disease - hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the inability to properly form blood clots.
- The royal wedding - the full guide - "Take one prince and one American actor, add lashings of pageantry, souvenir shops and bunting to make that most British of jamborees - a royal wedding."
- The truth about Wallis Simpson, the woman accused of stealing a king - "For many decades, Wallis Simpson has been seen as a temptress, the woman who pulled a king away from his duty and thrust his younger brother into a stressful role."
- Top 10 Most Powerful Families In History - Listverse.
- TWEET THE BRITISH MONARCHY - Twitter address (Verified Account).
- ‘Victoria the Queen’ Delves Into Her Epic Reign - The New York Times Book Review.
- Wardrobe for a Royal Tour - The New York Times.
- What It Was Like to Help Make Queen Elizabeth's 1947 Wedding Dress - "Buttonholes for a Royal Bride."
- Why Princess Diana remains an enduring style icon - The Telegraph.
- With 25,000 Days Of Work, Queen Elizabeth Breaks New Record: A Life In Photos - "Princess Elizabeth was 25 years old 25,000 days ago when she became queen while on tour in Nairobi after her father King George VI died in 1952. More precisely, that means that on Saturday, July 18, Queen Elizabeth II has been ruling from the throne for a grand total of 68 years, five months and 12 days."
- World’s Most Expensive Home? Another Bauble for a Saudi Prince - The New York Times.
- WORLD'S RICHEST ROYALS - Forbes Magazine.
- world's top 10 richest royals - MyFirstClassLife.
- Year of the Three Emperors - (German: Dreikaiserjahr) refers to the year 1888 during the German Empire in German history. The year is considered to have memorable significance because of the deaths of two German Emperors, or Kaisers, leading to a rapid succession of three monarchs within one year. The three different emperors who ruled over Germany during this year were Wilhelm I, Frederick III, and Wilhelm II.
- Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini dies in South Africa aged 72 - "King Goodwill Zwelithini of the Zulu nation in South Africa has died in hospital where he was being treated for diabetes-related issues."
- Bagrationi dynasty - royal family that reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century.
- Brazilian Imperial Family
- House of Bolkiah - royal family of Brunei Darussalam.
- House of Bonaparte - imperial and royal European dynasty founded by Napoleon I in 1804.
- House of Bourbon - European royal house of French origin. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma. Spain and Luxembourg currently have Bourbon monarchs.
- House of Bourbon - Two Sicilies - cadet Italian branch of the House of Bourbon. It is thus descended from the Capetian dynasty in male line. The name of Bourbon-Two Sicilies comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Two Sicilies) from the title King of the Two Sicilies, itself a merger of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples.
- HOUSE OF BRAGANZA - official website. Reigning house of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves in 1640.
- House of Chakri - current ruling royal house of the Kingdom of Thailand.
- House of Dlamini - royal house of the Kingdom of Swaziland.
- House of France - refers to the members of the Capetian dynasty from which came the Kings of France since the election of Hugh Capet.
- House of Habsburg - was one of the most important royal houses of Europe.
- House of Hohenzollern - dynasty of former princes, electors, kings, and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.
- House of Iturbide - the former Imperial House of Mexico.
- House of Khalifa - the royal family of Bahrain.
- House of Malietoa - state dynasty and chiefly title in Samoa.
- House of Moshoeshoe - the ruling family of Lesotho.
- House of Osman - Ottoman dynasty.
- HOUSE OF ROMANOV - second imperial dynasty, after the Rurik dynasty, to rule over Russia, reigning from 1613 until the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II on March 15, 1917.
- House of Sabah - the ruling family of Kuwait.
- HOUSE OF SAUD - royal family of Saudi Arabia.
- House of Savoy - one of the oldest royal families in the world, being founded in year 1003.
- House of Thani - the ruling family of Qatar.
- House of Wangchuck - the ruling family of Bhutan since 1907.
- House of Wittelsbach - European royal family & a German dynasty from Bavaria.
- House of Zogu - Albanian dynasty founded in the late 15th century. The family provided the short-lived modern Kingdom of Albania.
- IMPERIAL FAMILY OF JAPAN - official website.
- Imperial House of Japan - the Yamato dynasty.
- KaradordeviĆ dynasty - Serbian royal family.
- Kings of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - Jordan's head of state and monarch.
- Monarchies of Malaysia
- Monarchy of Thailand
- monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- monarchs of Tonga - since 1875.
- Monarchy of Cambodia - the King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
- Monarchy of Thailand - historically Kings of Siam.
- Pahlavi dynasty - ruling house of Iran from 1925 until 1979.
- Royal family of Morocco
- Royal Family of Thailand - "Home of the Siamese Collection."
- Royal Greek Family - official website.
- Sultans of Oman
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF BELGIUM - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF DENMARK - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF GREAT BRITAIN - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF NORWAY - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF SPAIN - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE OF SWEDEN - official website.
- THE ROYAL HOUSE of the NETHERLANDS - official website.
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- by Melville Amadeus H. Ruvigny and Raineval, marquis de Ruvigny.
