Beverages | Best Bottled Waters | Top Spirits Brands
"He was a wise man who invented beer." - Plato.
"Give me a woman who loves beer and I will conquer the world." - Kaiser Wilhelm.
"Always remember that I have taken more out of alcohol than alcohol has taken out of me." - Sir Winston Churchill.
"WARNING: The consumption of alcohol may make you think you are whispering when you are not."
An alcoholic BEVERAGE is a drink that contains ethanol (commonly called alcohol). Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits.
Alcoholic beverages are consumed in almost every sovereign state, and most have laws that regulate their production, sale, and consumption. In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink alcoholic beverages. This minimum age can be as low as 16 years in some nations, however most nations set the minimum age at 18 years.
The production and consumption of alcohol occurs nowadays in most cultures of the world. Alcoholic beverages are often an important part of social events in these cultures. In many cultures, drinking plays a significant role in social interaction - mainly because of alcohol’s neurological effects.
Alcohol has been used by people around the world, in the standard diet, for hygienic/medical reasons, for its relaxant and euphoric effects, for recreational purposes, for artistic inspiration, as aphrodisiacs, and for other reasons. Some drinks have been invested with symbolic or religious significance suggesting the mystical use of alcohol, e.g. by Greco-Roman religion in the ecstatic rituals of Dionysus (also called Bacchus), god of wine and revelry; in the Christian Eucharist; and on the Jewish Shabbat and festivals (particularly Passover).
The term SPIRIT refers to a distilled beverage that contains no added sugar and has at least 20% ABV. Popular spirits include whisky, rum, vodka, gin, tequila, absinthe, brandy and fruit brandy (also known as eau-de-vie or schnapps).
In common usage, the distinction between spirits and LIQUERS is widely unknown or ignored; consequently all alcoholic beverages other than beer and wine are generally referred to as spirits. Liqueurs are distilled beverages that are bottled with added sugar and added flavorings.
BEER is an alcoholic beverage produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. The starch and saccharification enzymes are often derived from malted cereal grains, most commonly malted barley and malted wheat. Most beer is also flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The preparation of beer is called brewing. Beer is the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage, and is the third-most popular drink overall, after water and tea. It is thought by some to be the oldest fermented beverage.
BOTTLED WATER is drinking water, carbonated water, mineral water, distilled water, spring water, artesian well water, or de-ionized water packaged in plastic bottles or glass bottles.
A SOFT DRINK (also called soda, pop, coke, soda pop, fizzy drink, tonic, seltzer, mineral, sparkling water, lolly water, or carbonated beverage) is a beverage that typically contains water (often, but not always, carbonated water), usually a sweetener, and usually a flavoring agent. The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks) or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other ingredients.
Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast to "hard drinks" (alcoholic beverages). Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic. Fruit juice, tea, and other such non-alcoholic beverages are technically soft drinks by this definition but are not generally referred to as such.
- 5 ways to be sober-curious (and make a success of not drinking) - "Staying alcohol-free at social events can be daunting, but be open to the new experience and own it."
- 6 Ways to Drink Like a Local on Vacation - The New York Times.
- 10 celebrities with their own alcohol brands - The Telegraph.
- 10 easy, comforting dishes to banish a hangover - chosen by chefs - "Pubs have reopened in England this week. If the excitement has got too much, here are cooks’ tips for the morning after, from mac and cheese to spicy chorizo eggs."
- 10 of the most entertaining drinking bouts in literature - The Guardian.
- 10 things you only know if you're teetotal - The Telegraph.
- 11 Zero-Proof Alternatives To Keep You Going Through Dry January - And Beyond - "People usually start the year with the best intentions but find it difficult to keep up with those healthy resolutions. Dry January can be challenging for those of us who enjoy a variety of beverage flavors or prefer to stay away from too much coffee, sugar and artificially flavored drinks. So here are a few suggestions that I have found enjoyable so far, and will remain on rotation moving forward."
- 12 reasons why you shouldn't give up drinking in January - The Telegraph.
- 13 things only drunk people can do - Mashable.
- 18 CHILLED, SHAKEN, EXQUISITE GIFTS FOR THE BAR - Wired.
- A New Study Says There Are 5 Different Types of Problem Drinkers. Here's What They Are - "A study published this week identified five distinct subgroups of problem drinkers, potentially making it easier to zero in on unhealthy behavior and tailor treatments."
- A Nordic drink more desired than beer - "A Finnish drink with a heroic past. In the 16th Century, effervescent sima was a more desired drink than beer and has since become Finland's go-to beverage for ushering in spring."
- Agent Dale Cooper's 'Twin Peaks' hangover cure - "'Surefire cure for a hangover, Harry,' Cooper begins. 'You take a glass of nearly frozen, unstrained tomato juice. You plop a couple of oysters in there and you drink it down. Breathe deeply. Next, you take a mound and I mean a mound of sweetbreads sauteed with some Canadian bacon and chestnuts. Finally, some biscuits, big biscuits, smothered in gravy.'"
- Alcohol caused 740,000 cancer cases globally last year - study - "Researchers behind estimate say more needs to be done to raise public awareness of link."
- Alcohol linked to more cancers than thought, study finds - "Imperial College London researchers also find that drinking coffee protects against liver cancer."
- Any amount of alcohol consumption harmful to the brain, finds study - "UK study of 25,000 people finds even moderate drinking is linked to lower grey matter density."
- Artemest - "Bar Cabinets & Cool Accessories for the Connoisseur." A selection of stylish bar cabinets manufactured by some of the most talented cabinet makers in Italy and accessories any connoisseur would fall for - crystal whisky bottles, silver ice buckets and champagne holders, and exquisite decanters in Murano glass.
 - BACtrack Skyn - "World's 1st Wearable Alcohol Monitor." Low cost, wearable, non-invasive alcohol monitoring device that sends Transdermal Alcohol Content (TAC) results via Bluetooth to an iOS device.
- BACON SANDWICHES REALLY DO CURE HANGOVERS - The Telegraph.
- 'Beer before wine, always fine'? Not really, hungover study participants say - CNN Health.
 - Breathalyzers at Amazon.com - 397 results as of March 26, 2018.
- Can Liquor Have a Local Taste? They’re Banking on It - "No one is sure whether spirits can convey ‘terroir’ like wine does. But distillers are seeking, and selling, that sense of place."
- Cancer Doctors Cite Risks of Drinking Alcohol - The New York Times.
- chaser - definition & explanation.
- Coca-Cola breaks 130-year-old tradition with first alcoholic drink - The Telegraph.
- Could there be a cure for hangovers? - The Guardian.
- Diet drinks linked to heart issues, study finds. Here's what to do - "If your heart goes pitter-patter for diet beverages, it may not be due to love. Artificially sweetened beverages, a new study has found, may be just as bad for your heart as the sugar-laden kind."
- Diet drinks may be preventing you from losing weight - The Telegraph.
- Difford's Guide - since 1997. "For Discerning Drinkers." Aims to inform and inspire discerning drinkers with engaging and impartial information on cocktails, beers, spirits & liqueurs, as well as the best bars around the world to enjoy them.
- Do emotions related to alcohol consumption differ by alcohol type? - BMJ Open.
- Drink & be merry: why alcohol makes us feel good, then doesn’t - The Guardian.
- Drink pink: blush rosÉ, strawberry tequila and rose gin - it's the summer's biggest booze trend - The Telegraph.
- Drink think: Why expectation is alcohol's most potent mixer - "People's prior beliefs about alcohol can strongly influence how they act when intoxicated - and even change their behaviour when they're sober, writes David Robson."
- Drinking a little each week protects your heart if you have a cardiovascular condition, study finds - "If you are living with heart disease, having a small amount of alcohol each day is linked to a lower risk of having another heart attack, stroke, angina (heart pain because of constricted arteries) or an early death, according to a new large study."
- Drinking alcohol raises risk of cancer by snapping DNA, scientists find - The Telegraph.
- Drinking from shoes - has historically been performed as both a bringer of good fortune and as a hazing punishment. Drinking champagne from a lady's slipper became a symbol of decadence in the early 20th century.
- Drinking straw device is instant cure for hiccups, say scientists - "Sipping water through an L-shaped ‘suction and swallow tool’ cured 92% of attacks, according to study."
 - DrinkMate - "We've created DrinkMate, the smallest, most convenient breathalyzer in the world and it plugs right into your iPhone or Android device!"
- DRINKSWAP.COM - "Drink recipes and more!"
- Dry January - public health campaign urging people to abstain from alcohol for the month of January, particularly practised in the United Kingdom.
- Effects of artificial sweeteners on breath alcohol concentrations in male and female social drinkers - Drug & Alcohol Dependence.
- Even low alcohol consumption is bad news for strokes - study - "Moderate drinking of one or two glasses a day does not protect against stroke, say researchers."
- For the first time this century, we are drinking less alcohol - The Telegraph.
- Glass of wine or beer a day reduces risk of an early death, says new study - The Telegraph.
- here's how to choose the right glass for any beverage - The Guardian.
- here's looking at you - a toast made to a friend or acquaintance when drinking an alcoholic beverage.
- Hollywood and Booze: An Enduring Marriage - The New York Times.
- How alcohol can improve your memory - The Guardian.
- How Daniel Craig cures a hangover - Business Insider.
- How Much Alcohol Can You Drink Safely? - The New York Times.
- Hyperventilating can help clear alcohol from body faster, researchers find - "Discovery could potentially help treat patients suffering from alcohol poisoning, Canadian team says."
- 'Ice-cream toothache': Cold food & drinks pain explained - "Scientists believe they have worked out why biting down on ice or drinking something really cold causes excruciating pain for some people."
- International Wine & Spirit Competition | IWSC - since 1969. "The premier competition of its kind in the world. It aims to promote the quality and excellence of the world’s best wines, spirits and liqueurs. The IWSC receives entries from nearly 90 countries worldwide. The Competition has the support of many of the world’s top wine and spirit producers, setting the international benchmark for quality. The unique combination of detailed technical analysis and specialist judging panels means that gaining an IWSC ‘Competition Award’ is an exceptional achievement."
- is drinking becoming as socially unacceptable as smoking? - The Guardian.
- Is the pandemic driving us to drink? - "Alcohol sales have soared as people use drinking to relax during the Covid-19 crisis, and experts are raising concerns."
- Is this Japan's miracle drink? - "Uncovering amazake: Japan's ancient fermented 'superdrink'. Both a beverage and a health and beauty product, amazake’s easy-to-digest, gluten-free nutrients have earned it the nickname 'drinkable IV'."
- James Bond's Weekly alcohol consumption - study by British Medical Journal.
- Just Miniatures - "No 1 UK Alcoholic Miniature Bottle Drinks." Just Miniatures is the UK's Largest Retailer of Miniature Alcohol Bottles, with Amazing Prices and a Great Range of Over 5,000 products! With Over 15 Years in the Business, we strive on customer service and quick delivery. Having supplied everyone from the Royal Family to A List Celebrities, Just Miniatures has the pedigree and experience to provide a bespoke service, whether it be for personalised gift boxes and bottles, or bulk orders for Wholesale.
- Keep lit: how to lose weight without giving up alcohol - The Guardian.
 - Larq water bottle - since 2008. "Self-Purifying Water Bottle." LARQ Water Bottle Neutralizes Up To 99.9999% Of Odor-Causing Bacteria Using UV-C Light. Pure water at the touch of a button - for home, traveling, camping and beyond.
 - Linley Tectonic Bar - "Exquisitely crafted in ebonised walnut with white gold leaf and nickel accents, the Tectonic Bar embodies superlative quality and innovative design whilst epitomizing the intricacy and precision of fine craftsmanship at its best."
- LION ALCOLMETERS - hand-held instruments configured to read milligrams per litre breath alcohol concentration (mg/l BrAC).
- Millennials May Be Drinking Less, But Binge Drinking Is On the Rise Among Older Adults - "A new study found that, from 2015-2017, more than 10% of adults 65 and older said they had binge drank in the past month, up from about 7% in 2006."
- MINI-BAR - small private snack and beverage bar, that is defined as a fridge with a capacity of less than 5.5 cubic feet (160 l), often found in high-priced Western-style hotel rooms. Typically, a minibar comes in the form of a counter and small absorption refrigerator stocked with a precise inventory. The room's guests can take a beverage or snack at any time during their stay.
- neknomination - definition & explanation.
- No amount of alcohol is good for the heart, new report says, but critics disagree on science - "In a bold move, the World Health Federation released a policy brief Thursday saying that no amount of alcohol is good for the heart."
- No sugar, no alcohol: did we forget to have fun? - The Telegraph.
- Now is not the time to get blind drunk. But tipsy? Yes please - "Tipsy captures the brightening of spirits, the loosening of the tongue, the easy laughs."
- Pickle juice & Marmite: the 11 best hangover cures - by pub landlords - "They serve up the hangovers in the first place, but what do they recommend to take them away?"
- Pie-eyed & bushy-tailed: Minnesota squirrel gets drunk off fermented pears - "Squirrel seen swaying in video after woman put old pears from her fridge in her garden for wildlife to eat."
- San Francisco World Spirits Competition - "One of the most influential competitions for a reason. Throughout the years, we’ve earned an exceptional reputation among trade and consumers due to our commitment to these three founding principles: Legacy, Integrity & Experience."
- 'Second-Hand Drinking' Is The Public Health Problem You've Probably Never Heard Of - "It's easy to imagine how second-hand smoke can impact an innocent bystander - most of us have probably inhaled the smoke from someone else's tobacco without wanting to. But it's not the only habit that can affect others; 'second-hand drinking' is a thing, too."
- Shoey - the act of drinking an alcoholic beverage from a shoe.
- Should You Quit Drinking for Dry January? Here's What Experts Say - TIME Magazine.
- Super cubes: inside the (surprisingly) big business of packaged ice - "Britain’s leading ice company makes five billion cubes a year, filling everything from cocktail glasses to ice baths. Now it faces its toughest challenge - for what is ice without a party season?"
- Teh tarik: Malaysia's frothy 'national drink' - "Mixing Indian, Chinese and British influences, teh tarik embodies Malaysia in a glass and has long helped bring the diverse nation together."
- The best hangover cures - The Telegraph.
- The impact of banning alcohol during Covid-19 - "Some countries have experimented with alcohol prohibition during the pandemic to keep hospitals emptier. What was the impact?"
- The Liquor Cabinet - "Everything you need to know about spirits & cocktails in one beautiful app."
- The New Sobriety - "Everyone’s sober now. Even if ... they drink a little?"
- The rise of the sober curious: having it all, without alcohol - "Influencers are taking a sober second look at drinking culture – but for whose benefit?"
- Thrillist - "Digital Lifestyle for men - Everything worth caring about in drink, food, and travel."
- Try Some Mezcal. But Not Too Much - The New York Times.
- TURNING POINT FOR LEADERS - a coaching and consulting firm providing comprehensive substance abuse treatment to senior executives and professionals.
- Wahh Quantum Sensations - "Become instantaneously drunk, without the harmful effects of alcohol."
- Were James Bond’s drinks shaken because of alcohol induced tremor? - The BMJ.
- What drinking alcohol means for your cancer & death risk - CNN health.
- What too much alcohol can do to your health - CNN Health.
- Which countries have the worst drinking cultures? - The Guardian.
- Which drink is best for hydration? Hint: It isn't water - CNN health.
- WHO urges all countries to tax sugary drinks - The Guardian.
- Why alcohol makes people violent, solved by scientists - The Telegraph.
- Why didn’t prohibition work? - The Guardian.
- Why do humans drink animal milk? - "Humans didn’t start out being able to digest animal milk - but now many populations do. Why has evolution favoured tolerating dairy? "
- Why do humans like to get drunk? - The Guardian.
- Why Gulping Down a Cold Drink Feels So Rewarding - "In a study of mice, researchers found no links between the neural systems related to reward and monitoring water intake."
- Why It's So Hard to Cure your Hangover - TIME.
- world's best hangover cures - "The morning after: What people around the world eat and drink to beat a hangover and where to order it."
- World's oldest evidence of drinking straws discovered - "The gold and silver straws, each measuring about 3.6 feet (1.1 meters) long, are over 5,000 years old. While these straws sound comically long, with Dr. Seuss-like proportions, researchers believe they were used to drink beer from communal vessels during banquets to honor the dead."
- world's top liquor brand is now also mainland China's biggest public company - "The world's most valuable liquor company has just claimed another first. Kweichow Moutai, the Chinese company known for making the popular national spirit, baijiu, is now the biggest public company in mainland China by market cap after its shares gained 23% so far this year, according to data from Refinitiv. It's currently valued at more than 1.8 trillion yuan ($259 billion), surpassing one of the country's top banks, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (IDCBF), which is worth just under 1.8 trillion yuan ($253 billion)."
Absinthe
 - ABSINTHE - Wikipedia.
- ABSINTHE BUYERS GUIDE
- THE WORMWOOD SOCIETY - "America's Premier Absinthe Association & Informaton Network."
Apéritif
 - APÉRITIF - Wikipedia.
- AMBASSADEUR
- BYRRH
- CAMPARI - invented in 1860. Alcoholic liqueur, considered an apéritif. Often used in cocktails and is commonly served with soda water, wine, or citrus juice.
- CINZANO
- CYNAR
- Dolin
- KINA LILLET - used with James Bond's Vesper Martini. brand of French aperitif wine. It is a blend of 85% Bordeaux wines (Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon and Muscadelle for the Blanc; Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon for the Rouge) and 15% macerated liqueurs, mostly citrus liqueurs from the peels of sweet oranges from Spain and Morocco and the peels of bitter green oranges from Haiti.
- LILLET
- MARTINI
- Noilly Prat
- SUZE
Aquavit | Akvavit | Snaps
 - AKVAVIT - Wikipedia.
- LIST OF AKVAVIT PRODUCERS - Wikipedia.
- AALBORG EXPORT AKVAVIT - launched in 1913. Has a good complexity, with caraway aromas providing a background for a number of other aromas, such as prunes.
- AALBORG JUBILÆUMS AKVAVIT - launched in 1946. Golden and pleasant premium aquavit in a contemporary and exclusive bottle. The refined taste of dill and coriander makes it the perfect choice for any good meal, in particular light and simple modern cuisine.
- AALBORG NORDGULD - the world's only aquavit distilled with amber - the Gold of the North.
- AALBORG PORSE SNAPS - the slightly bitter Myrica gale is the most prominent initial taste impression.
- AALBORG TAFFEL AKVAVIT - launched in 1846. Very pure caraway bouquet which is only supported by a slight hint of orange.
- BOMMERLUNDER - since 1760. One of the most important German brands of aquavit.
- BRØNDUMS SNAPS - the most neutral caraway snaps in the AALBORG family.
- HARALD JENSEN AKVAVIT - dry and spicy in nature, both in aroma and taste.
- LINIE AQUAVIT - produced in Norway from potatoes. Traditionally flavored with caraway and herbs. Has been carried in oak casks onboard ships crossing the equator (linie) twice before being sold.
- MALTESERKREUZ AQUAVIT - a German product comparable to its Danish counterparts.
- Norkap Akvavit - "Fine Nordic spirit based on Nordic culinary heritage with a twist of modern flavours. Mild, fragrant and elegant!"
- O.P. ANDERSON AQUAVIT - since 1891. Currently the only Swedish Aquavit being imported in the U.S.
Armagnac
 - 10 Amazing Armagnacs You'll Be Glad You Tried - Drink Me
- 10 best armagnacs - "Discover the complex French brandy with one of these superior bottles."
- ARMAGNAC - the oldest brandy distilled in France, and in the past was consumed for its therapeutic benefits. The first mention of Armagnac dates back to 1310 when Prior Vital Dufour wrote a treaty on medicine in which he laid out the 40 virtues of the liqueur produced in southwest France.
- LE COGNAC - since 1996. Online store: 101 armagnacs.
Baijiu | The White Devil
 - Baijiu - Wikipedia.
- It's 53% alcohol and tastes like fire. Here's how this liquor brand took over China - "Even amid a global pandemic, Kweichow Moutai, the company that makes the eponymous liquor, had a banner year: its stock surged around 70% on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2020. The company, which is part state-owned and part publicly-traded, is China's most valuable firm outside of technology - worth more than the country's four biggest banks. Globally, its market cap has not only surpassed all other alcohol distillers like Diageo and Constellation Brands, but also Coca-Cola, which had long held the crown as the world's largest beverage maker by market cap. Valued at 2.7 trillion yuan, or $421 billion Kweichow Moutai is worth more than Toyota, Nike and Disney, too."
- Kweichow Moutai - since 1999. Partial publicly traded, partial state-owned enterprise in China, specializing in the production and sales of the liquor Maotai baijiu.
- Rice baijiu - Wikipedia.
- Sorghum - Wikipedia.
- Er guo tou - type of light-aroma baijiu made from sorghum.
- MOUTAI - distilled Chinese liquor (spirit), made in the town of Maotai in China's Guizhou province. Produced by the state-owned Kweichow Moutai Company, the beverage is distilled from fermented sorghum and now comes in several different varieties.
Beer
 - 8 Best Craft Beers For Summer Sipping - and Pairing - Forbes.
- 8 Ways to Upgrade Your Beer to a Cocktail - The New York Times.
- 15 best beer cities around the world - "Say cheers to the 15 best beer cities around the world."
- 18 best beer gardens in London - The Telegraph.
- $125 a bottle: the exotic beer that is as expensive as vintage wine - "One Manhattan bar is charging $125 for a bottle of Belgian ale. Is beer really as costly to make as wine or is this just a pernicious way to make us pay more?"
- A beer a day helps prevent stroke & heart disease - The Telegraph.
- A Beer Drinker's Guide - "There are hundreds of little techniques in the process from field to glass that can change the style and flavour of a beer quite dramatically. When talking about beer, it can be hard to pinpoint what makes it taste so great, and how to find more beer that’s just as delicious."
- A Fight Is Brewing - "The creators of some of the most distinctive craft beers in the world are identical twins from Denmark who can’t stand each other. Jeppe Jarnit-Bjergso in Brooklyn. Mikkel Borg Bjergso in Copenhagen."
- AB InBev sees a 10% hit to its first-quarter profit from coronavirus - "The world’s largest beer maker expects the coronavirus outbreak to dent its earnings."
- Aeolus is the beer-from-fridge bot we’ve all been waiting for - The Verge.
- Airlines Aim to Trick Your Taste Buds at 30,000 Feet - "Finally, beer may start tasting good at 30,000 feet."
- BEER - Wikipedia.
- BEER ADVOCATE - "Respect Beer."
- 'Beer before wine, always fine'? Not really, hungover study participants say - CNN Health.
- Beer brand & leather store unwittingly named after Maori word for 'pubic hair' - "Canada’s Hell’s Basement and a shop in Wellington both thought the word ‘huruhuru’ meant ‘feather’ - they were wrong."
- BEER GARDEN - Wikipedia.
- Beer is good for you! A pint a day could protect your heart - The Telegraph.
- BEER ME! - the most complete source of brewery information worldwide: 26,247 beers from 11,152 breweries.
- Belgian monks resurrect 220-year-old beer after finding recipe - "Grimbergen Abbey brew incorporates methods found in 12th-century books."
- BREWERS ASSOCIATION - organization of brewers, for brewers and by brewers. More than 1,000 US brewery members and 19,000 members.
- Brewie is back with version 2.0 of its automated homebrew machine - engadget.
- Brown Ales May Be Unfashionable, but the Style Is Timeless - The New York Times.
- Carlsberg is working on beer bottles made of paper - "Carlsberg started working on the new type of packaging in 2015, and is still a few years away - at least - from selling the bottle to customers."
- countries that consume the most beer per capita - The Telegraph.
- Glass of wine or beer a day reduces risk of an early death, says new study - The Telegraph.
- How to look like you know more about beer than you really do - The Telegraph.
- How to open a beer bottle with a newspaper - The Telegraph.
- How well do you know the world's beers? - The Telegraph.
- Inflight beer: How brewers make craft beers for high altitude - CNN Business Traveller.
- instant BEER for hikers tastes impressive - Wired.
- KÖlsch - style of beer first brewed in Cologne, Germany. It is unusual because although it is warm fermented with ale yeast, it is then conditioned at cold temperatures like a lager. Kölsch has an original gravity between 11 and 16 degrees Plato (specific gravity of 1.044 to 1.065). In appearance, it is bright and clear with a straw-yellow hue.
- Manchester hotel charges Australian £55,000 for a beer - "Cricket writer was stunned to find his bank honoured payment of A$99,983.64."
- Mexico stops brewing Corona beer, deemed non-essential in epidemic - "Mexico’s Grupo Modelo said on Thursday it will temporarily stop brewing Corona beer and other brands exported to 180 countries after its business activities were declared non-essential under a government order aimed at curbing the spread of the coronavirus."
- Microbrewery - brewery that produces small amounts of beer, typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned. Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavor and brewing technique.
- PINTPRICE.COM - the price of beer in 206 countries.
- PlzeŇskÝ Prazdroj - Pilsner Urquell Brewery Museum. Pilsen, Czech Republic. "History lovers will be impressed by the model of the brewery from the 19th century, the brew house from the 1930s and the historical cellars, where Pilsner Urquell beer is still produced today using the same traditional method as during the era of the first brewer."
- Prost! 2017 Oktoberfest beer festival in Munich, in pictures - The Telegraph.
- Prost! Germany celebrates 500 years of beer purity law - The Telegraph.
- RATE BEER - the largest collection of beer reviews and used as an authoritative buying guide by consumers worldwide.
- Reinheitsgebot - (German, literally "purity order"), sometimes called the "German Beer Purity Law" in English, is the collective name for a series of regulations limiting the ingredients in beer in Germany and its predecessor states. The best-known version of the law was adopted in Bavaria in 1516, but similar regulations predate the Bavarian order, and modern regulations also significantly differ from the 1516 Bavarian version.
- S.P.B.W. | The Society for the Preservation of Beers from the Wood - established 1963.
- THE BEST BEERS IN THE WORLD BY STYLE
- THE BREWERS OF EUROPE - "To equip Europe’s brewers with the tools to freely, cost-effectively and responsibly brew and market beer."
- The Close Ties Between Exercise and Beer - The New York Times.
- the surprising health benefits of drinking beer - The Telegraph.
- Top 50 rated beers - RateBeer.com.
- Trappist beer - brewed by Trappist breweries. Eight monasteries — six in Belgium, one in the Netherlands and one in Austria — currently brew beer and sell it as Authentic Trappist Product.
- Two miles of beer: Bruges pipe dream becomes a reality - "Enough booze to fill 12,000 bottles an hour will soon be flowing in a pipeline under the medieval streets of the Belgian city."
- What beer made from 5,000-year-old yeast tastes like - " Israeli scientists have brewed beer from a 5,000-year-old strain of yeast -- and apparently it tastes pretty fruity."
- why craft beer lovers are falling for murky ales - The Guardian.
- Why the sound of New Year bells could make your beer taste sour - The Telegraph.
- WILLIAMS WARN PERSONAL BREWERY - "Personal Brewing Without Compromise." The first personal brewery in the world. Commercial quality beer in just 7 days.
- World Beer Awards - "Celebrating the world's best beers."
- WORLD BEER CUP - "The most prestigious beer competition in the world."
- World's largest brewer says rival tried to steal its secret recipe - "AB InBev accuses rival of obtaining the secret recipe for Bud Light."
- ANHEUSER-BUSCH - the largest brewing company in the United States. The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries.
- ASAHI BEER - Japanese beer brand.
- BALTIKA - founded 1990. The largest brewery in Eastern Europe and the second-largest brewery in Europe (after Heineken Brewery)
- Birra Menabrea - founded 1846. Italian brewing company located in Biella, Piedmont.
- BREWDOG - award winning Scottish brewery.
- BUDWEISER - "The Great American Lager." Made by Anheuser-Busch in the United States, was first marketed in 1876 as "Budweiser" in the United States and Canada.
- BUDWEISER BUDVAR BREWERY - founded in 1895. Best known for brewing a beer known as Budweiser Budvar in the European Union, Czechvar in the United States and Canada.
 - CARLSBERG - Danish brewing company founded in 1847.
 - Chimay - since 1862. Beer brewery in Chimay, southern Hainaut, Belgium. One of the eight breweries worldwide that produce Trappist beer.
- COBRA - 1989. Main product is an extra-smooth premium beer with an alcohol strength of 5% volume.
- CORONA - founded 1925.
- DOS EQUIS - since 1897. Mexican beer. The Most Interesting Man in the World-advertising campaign for the Dos Equis first began appearing in the United States in 2006.
- EISBOCK 28
 - Grimbergen - first brewed in 1128. Group of Belgian abbey beers. The name refers to the abbey that Saint Norbert of Xanten built for the Premonstratensian (Norbertine) canons regular in Grimbergen. They became famous for providing hospitality and their home-brewed beer to visitors, and handed down the recipe over the centuries. The beers are now brewed by Alken Maes brewery group.
- HEINEKEN - founded 1873.
- IMPERIAL - since 1924. Costa Rican brand of beer.
- JACOBSEN VINTAGE NO. 1
- JACOBSEN VINTAGE NO. 2
- JACOBSEN VINTAGE NO. 3 - 15% vol., the world's most expensive beer: €270.
- Kirin Beer - since 1885. Sells two of the most popular beers in Japan: Kirin Lager, the country's oldest beer brand; and Ichiban Shibori.
 - Kriek lambic - Belgian beer, made by fermenting lambic with sour Morello cherries.
- Kronenbourg Brewery - (Brasseries Kronenbourg) is a brewery founded in 1664 by Geronimus Hatt in Strasbourg (at the time a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire; now France) as the Hatt Brewery. The name comes from the area (Cronenbourg) where the brewery relocated in 1850. The company is owned by the Carlsberg Group. The main brand is Kronenbourg 1664, a 5.5% abv pale lager.
- LA VIEILLE BON-SECOURS
- MAGIC HAT BREWERY - recommended brew: Single Chair Ale.
- MILLER HIGH LIFE - put on the market in 1903 and is Miller Brewing's oldest brand. High Life is grouped under the pilsner category of beers and is 4.7% ABV. The prevailing slogan on current packaging is "The Champagne of Beers".
- OLDE ENGLISH 800 - brand of American malt liquor produced by the Miller Brewing Company. It was introduced in 1964 and owned by Miller Brewing Company since 1999.
- PILSNER URQUELL - bottom-fermented beer produced since 1842 in Pilsen, Bohemia.
- ROCHEFORT BREWERY - since 1595.
- SAMUEL ADAMS
- SAMUEL SMITH OLD BREWERY - established in 1758. Samuel Smith's Ale is the favourite beer of the fictional Inspector Morse in the eponymous series of detective novels and tv series by British author Colin Dexter.
- SAPPORO BREWERIES
- SINK THE BISMARCK - world's Strongest beer at 41% ABV. Each bottle comes with a bottle stopper so you can reseal the beer and enjoy it over time.
- TSINGTAO BEER
- UTOPIAS - Wikipedia.
 - Westvleteren Brewery - Belgian brewery founded in 1838. Its Westvleteren 12 (XII) rated "Best Beer in the World": 2013, 2012,2010,2007,2006,2003 & 2002.
- ŻYWIEC - since 1856. Polish medium-light bodied pilsner beer that is popular in Poland and gaining popularity in the United States and all over the world.
Bitters
 - AMARO - Wikipedia.
- BITTERS - Wikipedia.
- DIGESTIF - Wikipedia.
- LIST OF DIGESTIVE BITTERS - Wikipedia.
- ANGOSTURA - The House of Angostura (also known as Angostura Limited) is a Trinidad and Tobago company famous for the production of angostura bitters, invented by the company's founder.
- BECHEROVKA - made in Karlovy Vary: flavored with anise seed, cinnamon, and approximately 32 other herbs. Its alcohol content is 38% ABV (76 proof).
- BITTERMENS
- BORSCI
- BRANCA
- FEE BROTHERS
- FERNET BRANCA - since 1845. Italian 40% ABV digestif aromatic bitter made from of over 40 herbs and spices, including myrrh, rhubarb, chamomile, cardamom and saffron, with a base of grape alcohol.
- GAMMEL DANSK BITTER DRAM - since 1964. Bitters liquor and was originally created to become a competitor on the Danish market to other bitters such as Underberg and Fernet Branca. It is matured with 29 types of herbs, spices and even flowers. These herbs and spices include angelica, star anise, nutmeg, anise, ginger, laurel, gentian, Seville orange and cinnamon, and several others.
- GORKI LIST
- HERMES ORANGE BITTER
- HUPPELOLIE
- JÄGERMEISTER - since 1935. German 70-proof (35% abv) digestif made with 56 different herbs and spices.
- KILLEPITSCH
- KUEMMERLING
- LUCANO
- MELETTI
- NARDINI - since 1779.
- NONINO - since 1897.
- ORANJEBITTER
- PATER NOSTER
- Peychauds Aromatic Cocktail Bitters: 5 oz
- since 1830. Gentian-based bitters, comparable to Angostura bitters, but with a lighter body, sweeter taste and more floral aroma.
- RATZEPUTZ
- REGAN'S ORANGE BITTERS NO. 6
- SAZERAC
- SCHWARTZHOG
- THE BITTER TRUTH
- TORANI
- UNDERBERG - since 1846. German digestif bitter made of aromatic herbs from 43 countries. The exact number and identity of the herbs remain a well-guarded secret.
- UNICUM - since 1790.
Cachaça
 - CachaÇa - distilled spirit made from fermented sugarcane juice. Also known as pinga, caninha, and other names, it is the most popular spirit among distilled alcoholic beverages in Brazil. The major difference between cachaça and rum is that rum is usually made from molasses, a by-product after a refinery boils the cane juice to extract as much sugar crystal as possible, while cachaça is made from fresh sugarcane juice, fermented and distilled. Some rums - in particular the rhum agricole of the French Caribbean - are also made by the latter process. Cachaça is also known as Brazilian rum.
- LIST OF BRANDS OF CachaÇa - Wikipedia.
Calvados
 - BEST CALVADOS - "Regardless of the price, the best Calvados often wear the Pays d'Auge appellation". New York Times.
- CALVADOS - Wikipedia.
Cocktails
 - 007 INSPIRED COCKTAILS & DRINKS - à la James Bond.
- Cocktail hour - definition & explanation.
- COCKTAIL RECIPES - 16,000 recipes.
- COCKTAIL TIMES - "100s of Cocktail Recipes."
- COCKTAILS - Wikipedia.
- Diageo Bar Academy - "Mix With the Best."
- Diageo World Class - since 2009. The Global Final is an internationally recognised platform and mark of distinction for mixology at which the Diageo Reserve WORLD CLASS Bartender of the Year will be crowned.
 - GlÄce Luxury Ice - "The most mathematically efficient way to cool your drink." Each piece of Gläce Ice's G-Cubed is individually carved and designed to offer a drink presentation that inspires, intrigues and most importantly complements the quality of the contents in your glass.
- HIGHBALL - Wikipedia.
- INTERNATIONAL BARTENDERS ASSOCIATION'S OFFICIAL LIST OF COCKTAILS - these mixed drinks are some of the most notable and frequently-made cocktails by professional bartenders around the world.
- LIST OF COCKTAILS - Wikipedia.
- QUEEN ELIZABETH 2's FAVORITE DRINK
- Tabasco - since 1868. Aka 'Cajun Ketchup'. Used with many drinks.
- The Savoy Cocktail Book by Harry Craddock
- 24 Vodka Cocktails - Cosmopolitan.
- 27.321 COCKTAIL - US$7.500 in the Skyview Bar at the Burj al Arab, Dubai.
- BELLINI - Wikipedia.
- BLOODY MARY - Wikipedia.
- Brandy Alexander - Wikipedia.
- CHAMPAGNE COCKTAILS - TheFiftyBest.com.
 - COSMOPOLITAN - cocktail made with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed lime juice or sweetened lime juice.
- CRAFTHOUSE COCKTAILS - "Prepared Cocktails. Hancrafted by the World's Premier Mixologists."
- CUBA LIBRE - along with the Mojito and the Daiquiri, the Cuba Libre shares the mystery of its exact origin.
 - DAIQUIRI - the Daiquirí was one of the favorite drinks of writer Ernest Hemingway (at El Floridita, Havana, Cuba) and president John F. Kennedy.
- FRENCH 75 - Wikipedia
- GIBSON - Wikipedia.
- GIMLET - Wikipedia.
- HEMINGWAY DAIQURI - rumdood.com.
- HURRICANE - Cocktail Times.
- IRISH COFFEE - Wikipedia.
- KIR ROYAL - Wikipedia.
 - Long Island Iced Tea - Wikipedia.
- MANHATTAN - Wikipedia.
- MARGARITA - Wikipedia.
- MARTINI - the Martini is one of the most widely known cocktails.
- MARTINI ON THE ROCK - world's most expensive drink: US$10,000 in the Blue Bar at The Algonquin Hotel, New York, U.S.A..
- MOJITO - the Mojito was a favorite drink of author Ernest Hemingway. Ernest Hemingway made the bar called La Bodeguita del medio famous as he became one of its regulars and he wrote "My mojito in La Bodeguita, My daiquiri in El Floridita".
- MOLOTOV - Wikipedia
- Moscow mule - Wikipedia.
- NEGRONI - Wikipedia.
- OLD FASHIONED - possibly the first drink to be called a cocktail.
- PUNCH - Wikipedia.
- Quattroporte Cocktail - at Langham Place, Fifth Avenue hotel's Measure restaurant, New York City. Centers on a $176 eponymous cocktail that is followed up by a ride home in the Maserati Quattroporte car. The Quattroporte cocktail features an ounce of Aperol, Amaro Nonino and Plymouth Gin, which is then stirred and strained into a flute of Krug Champagne.
- SAKETINI - About.com.
- SALVATORE'S LEGACY - the world's most expensive cocktail: £5,500.
- SCREW DRIVER - Wikipedia.
- SINGAPORE SLING - best consumed in Raffles Hotel Singapore's Long Bar.
 - Skinny Bitch - low calorie vodka cocktail.
- Sundowner - the original South African recipe.
- TABASCO SAUCE - intrinsic part of the Bloody Mary.
 - Vesper Martini Recipe - 'The Vesper', Casino Royale (1953), Chapter 8, by Ian Fleming: "Three measures of Gordon's, one of vodka, half a measure of Kina Lillet. Shake a very well until it's ice-cold, then add a large thin slice of lemon-peel. (If you can get a vodka made with grain instead of potatoes, you will find it still better.)"
- VODKA MARTINI - Wikipedia.
Liqueurs
 - AMARO - Wikipedia.
- ANISETTE - Wikipedia.
- COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE OF MOST LIQUEURS - The Cook's Thesaurus: Liqueurs.
- LIQUEUR - Wikipedia.
- LIST OF ITALIAN LIQUEURS - Wikipedia.
- LIST OF LIQUEURS - Wikipedia.
- ADVOCAAT EGG LIQUEUR
- AGAVERO TEQUILA LIQUEUR
- AMARO ERBES
- BAILEYS - an Irish whiskey and cream based liqueur.
- BARTISSOL
- BERENTZEN WINTER APFEL
- BRIOTTET LIQUEURS
- CHARTREUSE LIQUEURS - official website.
- CHASE LIQUEURS
- COINTREAU - since 1875. Brand of triple sec (an orange-flavoured liqueur) produced in Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou, France. It is drunk as an apéritif and digestif, and is a component of several well-known cocktails.
- CRÈME DE CASSIS DE DIJON - blackcurrant liqueur (a favourite drink of the fictional detective Hercule Poirot by Agatha Christie).
- CYNAR
- DISARONNO - "Amaretto".
- DITA
- DRAMBUIE
- FRANGELICO
- GALLIANO
- Goldwasser - strong (35% ABV) root and herbal liqueur which has been produced since at least 1598 in Danzig (Gdańsk).
- GRAND MARNIER
 - Green Chartreuse - (110 proof or 55%) is a naturally green liqueur made from 130 herbs and plants macerated in alcohol and steeped for about 8 hours. A last maceration of plants gives its colour to the liqueur.
- KAHLÚA
- KILLEPITSCH
- LOUIS ROYER
- PASTISE 51
- PERNOD
- PIMM'S
- RAMAZZOTTI
 - RIGA BLACK BALSAM - since 1752. Traditional Latvian herbal liqueur made with many different natural ingredients mixed in pure vodka, giving a 45% abv (90 proof) drink. Black Balsam is also used in traditional medicine. It is considered to be a good cold remedy and is used to treat digestive problems. It has been made in Riga since the middle of the 18th century. According to legend, Empress Catherine the Great of Russia, became ill during a visit to Latvia, but was cured after drinking Riga Black Balsam.
- Sambuca - Italian anise-flavoured, usually colourless, liqueur.
- SANTA MARIA NOVELLA - since 1612. Florence, Italy.
- SCHWARTZHOG
- SHAAZ
- SOHO
 - Southern Comfort - since 1874. American liqueur made from neutral spirits with fruit, spice and whiskey flavoring.
- St. George Spirits - since 1982.
- THE BITTER TRUTH - ELIXIER
- TIA MARIA
- VABÉ
Mead
 - GOT MEAD - find recipies, suppliers, mead makers, commercial meaderies, instruction, links to hundreds of web sites.
- MEAD - Wikipedia.
Milkshakes
 - MILKSHAKE - Wikipedia.
- FOSSELMAN'S - best milkshakes in the world! Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
Online Suppliers
- AUSSIE WINES - wines & liquors.
- BERRY BROS. & RUDD - established in 1698. Britain's oldest wine and spirit merchant.
- CAVISSIMA - online French wine merchant and wine cellaring and management service. Elected France's 'Meilleur Sommelier of 2007'.
- EVINITÉ FRANCE - "International specialist of fine French wines."
- LE-COGNAC.COM - a site for all cognac amateurs and connoisseurs. "We are located in Bordeaux quite near the cognac area, which enables us to give you the best service and a selection of true artisan brands."
- LOVESCOTCH.COM - online liquor store.
- PLAYBOY WINE CLUB - Buy Wine Online.
- PORTWINE.COM - "Premium Ports direct from the producers cellars to your home."
- ROYAL MILE WHISKIES - whiskies and spirits.
- SCHNEIDER'S OF CAPITOL HILL - fine wines and spirits.
- SHOPPERS VINEYARD - committed to providing you with the finest selection of unique wines and quality spirits available.
- SPECIALTY DRINKS - "The world's greatest spirits & liqueurs."
- THE DRINK SHOP
- THE RUM SHOP - order Rum online (U.S.A. Customers only).
- WAITROSE WINE DIRECT
- THE WHISKY EXCHANGE - around 1500+ whiskies, with hundreds of cognacs, rums and other spirits also available.
- WALLY'S WINE AND SPIRITS - "Quality and Service Since 1968."
- WHISKYFINDER - price search engine and an information database on all things whisky. Find vodka, cognac, beer, wine or champagne, as well as any other type of alcohol. We try to crawl as many online stores as we can find to get you the best prices on drink, and the list is growing ever larger.
- WINE HOUSE - huge selection of old and rare wine, and spirits.
Port Wine
 - PORT WINE - Wikipedia.
- PORTWINE.COM - "Premium Ports direct from the producers cellars to your home."
- Vintage guides - Decanter.com.
- BURMESTER - established 1750.
- CÁLEM - established 1859.
- COCKBURN'S - established 1815.
- Cotswold Vintage Port - online vintage port and dessert wine specialist, shipping to the UK, EU and beyond.
- DOW'S - established 1798.
- Ferreira - since 1751.
- FONSECA PORT - established 1822.
- GRAHAM'S - established 1820.
- Krohn - "Port shippers since 1845."
- MARTINEZ - established 1790.
- Niepoort - since 1842.
- QUINTA DO NOVAL - since 1715.
- QUINTA DO PÉGO
- QUINTA DO PORTAL
- QUINTA DO VESUVIO
- Ramos Pinto - established 1880.
- ROMARIZ - established 1850.
- SANDEMAN - since 1790.
- SMITH WOODHOUSE - since 1784.
- Taylor's - founded in 1692. "The Home of Port." The house ships almost all types of port including vintage, tawny, ruby, late-bottled vintage, and white. The house invented the style of late-bottled vintage port. Taylor Fladgate's vintage ports are some of the most sought-after and expensive ports in the world.
- WARRE'S - founded 1670. The oldest brand of Port in the world.
- WARRE'S WARRIOR - founded 1670. WARRIOR is the oldest brand of Port in the world, having been shipped continuously since the 1750’s. The name Warrior was branded on the casks of Warre’s finest Reserve Ports since the earliest days of the firm.
Shochu
 - Shochu - Wikipedia.
- HAAMONII - the world's smoothest shochu (soju).
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- since 1830. Gentian-based bitters, comparable to Angostura bitters, but with a lighter body, sweeter taste and more floral aroma.
